The aims of this study were (i) to re-evaluate the status of ADV in the Swiss wild boar population using the methods recommended by the EMIDA-Eranet project APHAEA and (ii) to compare our data with those from other European wild boar populations, considering two time periods (1995–20–2014).ĪDV seroprevalences in wild boar populations strongly vary among European regions, ranging from 0 to 100 % (Fig. Therefore, it has become of concern that ADV infection prevalence may have also increased. Since then, hunting bag data have further indicated an increase in wild boar abundance and possibly densities like elsewhere in Europe. In Switzerland, a serosurvey of ADV in free-ranging wild boar performed in 2004/2005 revealed a seroprevalence of only 2.8 % (95 % confidence interval (CI): 1.9-4.0 %). Therefore surveillance of ADV in wild ranging wild boar is strongly recommended. Furthermore, reports of fatal spillover of ADV on captive wild felids and canids after feeding on infected wild boar carcasses suggests that increased ADV occurrence in wild boar may represent a potential threat for protected large carnivores. In parallel to the increasing ADV seroprevalences in wild boar, an increase of hunting dogs dying of AD after contact with hunted wild boar has occurred. The dramatic increase of wild boar abundance in Europe during the same period may have contributed to this process because high ADV seroprevalences seem to be associated with high wild boar population densities and wild boar aggregation. In the past decades an increase of ADV seroprevalences has been observed in European wild boar, locally reaching very high levels (e.g. Pathogen transmission from wild boar to domestic swine has been documented and wild boar have been suspected to be the source of infection for an AD outbreak in domestic pigs in France. However, it is widely recognized that free-ranging wild boar can act as an ADV reservoir and it is of concern that transmission from wild boar to domestic swine could occur. In agreement with these observations, a study conducted in Spain suggested that ADV seroprevalences in domestic pigs are not directly linked to ADV seroprevalences of wild boar in the same region. Characterized isolates of ADV from wild boar mostly belong to the genotype I and are of low virulence, whereas those from domestic swine mostly belong to the genotype II. Experimental infections of wild boar with ADV showed that clinical signs depend on the virulence of the strain and the viral dose. A negative impact of ADV infections on free-ranging wild boar populations has not yet been demonstrated, except for two reported AD outbreaks. Higher primates including humans are not susceptible to ADV. Most other mammals (ungulates, carnivores, lagomorphs and rodents) are susceptible to infection but they represent dead-end hosts and die from infection. In domestic swine the virus leads to varying clinical courses including high mortality and disorders of the respiratory, reproductive and central nervous systems. The only natural hosts of the virus are Suidae ( Sus scrofa scrofa) including domestic swine, wild boar and their hybrids. Suid Herpesvirus 1 or Pseudorabies virus), a Varicellovirus of the Herpesviridae family, subfamily Alphaherpesvirinae. ĪD is caused by Aujeszky’s disease virus (ADV) (syn. In several European countries and North America AD does not occur in domestic swine owing to successful eradication programs. Aujeszky’s disease (AD) or Pseudorabies is an economically important disease of domestic swine that causes substantial losses to the pig industry worldwide, due to decrease of productivity and trade restrictions.
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